Energy storage systems, usually batteries are essential for electric drive vehicles such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), and Electric Vehicles (EV).

Although, these batteries age over time. It's gradual deterioration in its performance is due to irreversible physical and chemical changes that take place during its usage. The batteries also contribute to a major portion of the car’s cost, compelling manufacturers to ensure battery life is maximized and operational costs are reduced. As a result, identifying aging and degradation mechanisms in the battery and developing prognostic models to predict its health is very vital.

The major factors necessitating the need for a robust and accurate aging model are listed below:

• State-of-Health prediction and monitoring of Lithium-ion Batteries
• Sensitivity of various operating factors to vehicle manufacturers and help them develop better batteries
• The aging model of the Battery Management Systems (BMS)
• Appropriate battery for vehicle applications without the need for extensive testing, thereby reducing development costs and improving turnaround time.

This whitepaper discusses types of batteries, its aging phenomena, performance prediction models, and the future scope of batteries in the automotive industry.